Final Test Review

With respect to sales at those locations, Roz is a. an independent contractor. . ot Trina's agent or employee, or an independent contractor. c. Trina's agent and employee. d. Trina's employee only. 2. Refer to Fact Pattern 17-1. At the shop, Roz and Sara are a. independent contractors. b. not Trina's agents or employees, or independent contractors. c. Trina's agents and employees. d. Trina's employees only. 3. Refer to Fact Pattern 17-1. Trina hires Unity Cleaning Company to clean the carpets of her shop. Trina gives Unity instructions as to what needs to be cleaned and when. Unity is 4. Cody contracts with Drew to act as her agent in a fraudulent marketing scheme.Cody does not successfully complete the scheme. Drew can re cover from Cody for a. breach of contract. b. breach of implied warranty. c. breach of the duty of performance. d. none of the above. 5. Irma retains Jerry as her authorized agent, unaware that Jerry is a mi nor. Jerry enters into a contract with Ken on Irma's be h alf. The contract is a. binding on Irma. b. binding on Jerry and Ken, but not Irma. c. binding on Ken, but not Irma or Jerry. d. void. 6. Jill introduces Kelly to her friends as â€Å"my associate. † Kelly purports to act as Jill's agent in several business transactions with those friends.If Jill is liable for Kellys actions, it will be under . the equal dignity rule. c. the fiduciary principle. d. the good faith statute. 7. Macro Corporation and National Purchasing Company may create an agency agreement a. by conduct, in writing, or orally. b. by conduct or orally only. c. in writing only. d. under no circumstances. 8. Jay holds himself out as possessing special accounting skills. As an agent, he must exercise the degree of skill or care expected of a. a person having those skills. b. an average, unskilled person. c. a reasonable person. d. the principal. 9.Dan, an agent for Eve, signs an agreement with Fred on Eve's behalf but ne glects o tell Eve that the agreement require s the payment of a certain tax. The government prosecutes Eve for failing to pay the tax. Eve is a. liable, because Dan's knowledge is imputed to Eve. b. liable, because Fred's knowledge is imputed to Eve. c. not liable, because Dan did not tell Eve about the tax. d. not liable, because Fred did not tell Eve about the tax. 10. Prospective Enterprises (PE) employs Quinn to buy property for a possible com mercial development. Quinn secretly buys some of the property and sells it to PE at a profit.Quinn has breached a. no duty. b. the duty of accounting. c. the duty of loyalty. d. he duty of notification. Internet Services, Inc. , employs Joe as an agent. During the agency, Joe acquires 11. new skills. After the termination of the relationship, Joe uses those skills in a new Job. Joe has breached a. no duty. b. the duty of loyalty. c. the duty of notification. d. the duty of performance. 12. Regional Investment Corporation (RIC) hires Sam, a real estate agent, to locate investment prop erties for RIC. Sam learns of a warehouse avail able for $100,000, buys it himself, and offers it to RIC for $200,000.Under the reasoning of the court in Case 17. 3, Cousins v. Realty Ventures, Inc. , Sam a. reached the agent's fiduciary duties to the principal. b. did nothing wrong. c. failed to take advantage ofa business opportunity. d. set an unreasonable price based on current market value. 13. Pam is an agent for Refined Chemicals Corporation. Refined Chemicals owes Pam the duty of a. accounting. b. obedience. d. safe working conditions. 14. Regional Products, Inc. , hires Sam to act as its agent. Tina sues Regional for Sam's negligent conduct. Regional's right to sue Sam for an equal amount of damages is the right of a. voidance. b. cooperation. c. indemnification. d. reimbursement. 15. Glen is an agent for High Flight, Inc. On High Flight's behalf and at its request,Glen pays ‘Isa for certain plane maintenance and repair serv ices. Glen's right to obtain the amount of those payments from High Flight arises under the principal's duty of 16. Ann is a businessperson acting as an agent for Business Sales, Inc. (BSI). In an ordinary business situation, Ann a. can contract on BSI's behalf without further authority or ratification. b. cannot contract on BSI's behalf. c. must obtain BSI's written authority to enter into a contract for BSI. . must obtain BSI's later ratification ofa contract entered into for BSI. 17. Lyn may hire employees to work in the Main St. Computer Store that she manages de spite the fact that her employment agreement with Main St. says noth ing about her being able to hire employees. This is a. apparent authority. b. equal authority. c. express authority. d. implied authority. 18. Quick Supplies Company (QSC) requires its customers to pay by check. Ron, a QSC driver, tells customers on his route that they can pay him with cash. When QSC learns of Ron's collections, it takes no action to stop it.Ron steals some of the cash. QSC may be suffer the loss under the doc trine of a. apparent authority. 9. Alpha Sales, Inc. , employs Britney as a sales agent. Alpha gives Britney a furnished office and an expense account. Consumer Retail Company (CRC) orders goods from Britney, who fills the order with goods from Deal EZ Corpora tion. The goods are defective. CRC may recover damages from Alpha on the ground of a. apparent authority. 20. Elin, an agent for First Credit Corporation (FC), enters into an unau thor ized contract with Great Expectations, Inc. (GE), purportedly on FC's be half.This contract a. b. 21. any third party. Elin. Carol hires Dick to act as her agent in the purchase of an office building. Carol does not want the seller to know that she is the buyer, so she asks Dick to epresent that he is buying the building for himself. Carol is a. a disclosed principal. b. an independent contractor. c. an undisclosed principal. d. a partially disclosed principal. 22. Jack says that he placed an order with Internet sales. com, which did not fill it, causing Jack to lose money. If the order was taken via an e-agent, under the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA), Internetsales. om can a. claim it did not receive the order but at any rate the risk was Jacks. b. claim it did not receive the order if the firm was not yet aware of it. c. claim it did not receive the order if the order had ot yet been reviewed. d. not claim it did not receive the order. 23. Bizonline. com uses an electronic agent, or e-agent, to perform certain tasks in e-commerce.With respect to the e-agent's actions, Bizonline. com is bound by a. all of the actions. b. only those actions of which Bizonline. com is aware. c. only those actions that Bizonline. com does not refute within ten days. d. nly those actions that Bizonine. com ratifies. 24. Aron, an agent for Bright Sales, Inc. (BSI), enters into an unauthorized contract with Consolidated Corporation (CC) purportedly on behalf of BSI, which refuses to perform. Aron is liable to . BSI and CC for breach of contract. b. BSI for misrepresentation. c. CC for misrepresentation. d. no one. 25. Agnes is a salesperson for Beta Technical Instruments, Inc. (BTI). She misrepresents to Curt, a customer, that a certain device has a certain ca pability. In reliance, Curt buys the device. Liable for this misrepresen ta tion is a. Agnes and b.Agnes only. c. only. d. neither Agnes nor BTI. 26. Elle is an agent for Fresh Food Corporation. Elle makes a mis representa tion when entering into a contract on be half of Fresh with Gala Grocery Stores, Inc. Gala a. is estopped from performing the contract. . may rescind the contract. c. must perform the contract. d. must ratify the contract. 27. AAA Auto Sales, Inc. , employs BBB Collection Company as a collection agent. injures Cathy. Cathy can recover from a. AAAonly. b. AAAor BBB. c. BBB only. d. Cathys insurance company only. 28. Eve hires Frank to do some remodeling work in her office.The relation ship be tween Eve and Frank is client and independent contractor. While working, Frank drops a tool on Gary, Eve's customer, causing an injury. Eve is a. liable to Gary because he was injured on Eve's property. b. liable to Gary unless Franks act is intentional. . not liable because Frank is an independent contractor. d. not liable to Gary because Frank is Eve's employee. 29. Common Carrier Corporation (CCC) employs Don as an agent. Without CCC's knowledge but otherwise acting within the scope of em ployment, Don commits a crime. The state can successfully prosecute a. ccconly. b. CCC or Don. . Don only. d. neither CCC nor Don. 30. Gil is a purchasing agent for H;H Ranch with the authority to buy cat tle at a certain auction. After the cattle have been bought, the agency rela tionship terminates a. automatically. b. following notice to all actual cattle sellers. c. ollowing notice to all potential cattle sellers. d. following published notice in a local newspaper. 31. Myra, an agent for National Buys , Inc. , has often done business with Owen on National's behalf. Myra and National terminate their agency. For Myra and National to avoid liability for later deals, Owen must be no tifled by a.Myra only. b. National only. c. Myra and National. d. neither Myra nor National. 32. Ida hires Jim, a real estate broker, to act as her agent to sell her land for $10,000. Oil is discovered beneath the land, causing its market value to in crease one hundred-fold. The agency agreement is likely . still in force if Ida gives Jim additional consideration. b. still in force if Jim does not mention the oil to prospective customers. c. terminated by mutual consent of the parties. d. terminated by operation of law. Fact Pattern 17-2 (Questions 33-34 apply) Quinn employs Roy as his authorized business agent on April 1.Quinn's son Stan peti tions a court to declare Quinn mentally incompetent. The court grants Stan's request on May 1 . 15. After May 1, the contract, which has not been performed, is a. b inding on Quinn. b. binding on Roy. c. binding on Stan. 34. Refer to Fact Pattern 17-2. Roy enters into a contract on Quinn's be half on May 15, before Roy knows of the court's action. The contract is 35. Mary hires Nina, a real estate broker, to sell her warehouse. The ware house burns down be fore being sold. Nina is a. Marys agent until Marys insurer pays Nina's commission. b. Marys agent until the burnt warehouse is sold. c.Marys agent until the warehouse is rebuilt and sold. d. no longer Marys agent. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS-Bustness Entities 1. Fred starts up, and assumes the financial risk of, Graphic Ads, a new en terprise. Fred is a. a franchisee. b. a franchisor. c. an agent. d. sole proprietor. 2. Jody owns Kappa Sales, a sole proprietorship. Jodys liability is a. statute and varies from state to state. b. limited to the extent of capital expenditures. c. limited to the extent of his or her original investment. d. unlimited. limited by state 3. Bree, who runs a livestock breeding business, owes the Circle C Ranch $400,000.Bree agrees to pay the Circle C a percentage of her profits each month until the debt is paid. Because of this agreement, the Circle C is a. Bree's creditor and partner. b. Bree's creditor only. c. Bree's partner only. d. neither Bree's creditor nor her partner. Adam, the owner of Adam's Apples, a sole proprietorship, wishes to in crease his busi ness capital. This objective can best be accomplished by a. issuing additional stock. borrowing funds from lenders. . bringing in additional partners. d. none of the above. 5 unlimited. limited to the amount of his or her original investment. capital expenditures. d. imited by state statute and varies from state to state. 6 Amy wants to go into the business of construction contracting. Among the reasons that would probably convince Amy to set up her business as a sole proprietorship would be a. its greater organizational flexibility. . its limited liability. c. its perpetual existence. d. the ease of transferring the business to other family members. 7 Owen and Paula agree to operate an espresso stand. They purchase their supplies and split the costs equally. They agree to share profits equally, and decide that each of them will have an equal say in how the stand will operate.Nothing is put in writing. Owen and Paula have formed a. a partnership. b. a sole proprietorship. c. a corporation. d. nothing because their agreement was not reduced to writing. 8 Computer Networks, LLC, is a limited liability company. Unless indi cated otherwise on Computer Networks' federal tax form, the firm will be taxed as a. a corporation. b. a partnership. c. a sole proprietorship. 9 General Construction, LLC, is a limited liability company. Among the members, a dispute arises that their operating agreement does not cover. The dispute is governed by a. the applicable state LLC statute. b. the federal Uniform LLC Law. c. he International LLC Governing Resolution. 10 Computer Games, LLC, is a limited liability company. Among the mem bers, a dispute arises that their operating agreement does not cover. No statute applies. The dispute is governed by the principles of a. orporate law. b. partnership law. c. sole proprietorship law. 1 1 Sue is considering forms of business organization for her construction-equipment business. For purposes of owning property and being a party to litigation, the form that is not a legal entity separate from its owner is a. a corporation. b. a limited liability company. 12 Tasty Pastry, a retail bakery, is a partnership.In terms of the firm's in come taxes on its profits, each partner is liable for a. a pro rata share only if the profits are distributed. b. a pro rata share whether or not the profits are distributed. c. the entire amount. Dean starts up E-Sites, an Internet service, and leases office space in a build ing owned by Fred. The lease requires Dean to pay Fred a base rental of $250, plus 10 percent of E-Sites' profits, each mont h. The term is two years. Dean hires Gina to work at E-Sites' tech support desk at an hourly wage of $9. 00, plus a commis Sion of 10 percent of the prof its. The term is also two years. 13 Refer to Fact Pattern 19-1.Dean and Fred are a. not partners, because Fred does not have an ownership interest or manage ment rights in E-Sites. b. not partners, because the lease includes a â€Å"base rental. † c. not artners, because the rent includes only 10 percent of the profits. d. partners in a partnership for two years. 14 Refer to Fact Pattern 19-1. Dean and Gina are a. not partners, because Gina does not have an ownership interest or manage ment rights in E-Sites. b. not partners, because the pay includes an hourly wage. c. not partners, because the pay includes only 10 percent of the profits. d. partners in a partnership for two years. 5 Quik Pizza is operated as a partnership. For tax purposes, Quik Pizza a. is a tax- paying entity. b. is required to file an information return but is not a tax-paying entity. . pays 1/2 of the taxes if there are two partners. d. pays 1/4 of the taxes if there are three partners. 16 Jay is a member of Kappa, LLC, a limited liability company. Jay is liable for Kappa's debts a. in proportion to the total number of members. b. to the extent of his capital contribution. c. to the extent that the other members do not pay the debts. d. to the full extent. 17 Dan is considering forms of business organization for his financial advisory firm.Like most states, Dan's state requires that to form a limited liabil ity company, he must file with a central state agency a. rticles of certification. b. articles of formation. c. articles of organization. d. no specific documents. 18 Computer Games, LLC, is a limited liability company. Among the mem bers, a 19 Accounting Applications, LLC, is a limited liability company. Unless indi cated otherwise on Accountings federal tax form, the firm will be taxed as a. a corporation. d. a syndicate. 20 American Products, LLC, is a limited liability company. Rather than dis tribute its reason, American may prefer to be taxed as a.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS-corporanons a corporation. 1. American Goods, Inc. , is a corporation. Responsibility for the overall management of American Goods is entrusted to a. the board of directors. b. the corporate officers and managers. c. the owners of the corporation. d. the shareholders. 2. Statewide Distributors, Inc. (SD'), is a corporation. Owen is an SDI off cer. Which of the following possess Fifth Amendment rights in a crimi nal case? a. SDI only b. Owen only c. SDI and Owen d. none of the above 3. Federal Home Products, Inc. (FHP), is a corporation. The implied powers of FHP are powers necessary to a. mend the corporate charter. b. bring a derivative suit. c. declare dividends. d. erform all acts reasonably appropriate and necessary to accom plish its corporate purposes. 4. Web Design, Inc. , is a close corporation. Web Design is a. eligible t o make public offerings of securities. b. exempt from corporate duties such as filing a certificate of incorporation. c. generally allowed to restrict transfer of stock. d. taxed in the same manner as a partnership. 5. Acme, Inc. , is incorporated in the state of California and is doing busi ness in the state of Nevada. In Nevada, it is properly referred to as a. an alien corporation. . a foreign corporation. c. a close corporation. d. national corporation. 6. Eve and Fran want to market a new line of cooking appliances. To be taxed the same as a partnership but enjoy limited liability, they should form a. ac corporation. b. a close corporation. c. an S corporation. d. a private corporation. 7. Jean and Nathan want to incorporate to market DVD products. The first step in the incorporation procedure is to a. file the articles of incorporation. b. hold the first organizational meeting. c. obtain a corporate charter. d. select a state in which to incorporate. 8. Ron and Nancy form Eagl e Equipment Corporation.Eagle has a board of directors, overned by its a. board of directors. b. incorporators. c. officers. d. shareholders. 9. Bart and Cary are directors of Digital Designs, Inc. Voting by Bart and Cary at corporate directors' meetings a. may be cumulative. b. may be done by proxy in all states. c. must be done in person. d. all of the above. 10. Intech Corporation makes and sells computer chips. In most states, the minimum number of directors that must be present before Intech's board could transact its business is a. all of the directors authorized in the articles or bylaws. b. a majority of the number authorized in the articles or bylaws. any odd number (so that tie votes are avoided). 11. Joe and Diana form Consumer Goods, Inc. Ultimate responsibility for policymaking decisions necessary to the management of corporate affairs rests with Consumer's a. board of directors. 12. James and Quincy are directors of Monroe Investments Corporation. Monroe has fifty-two shareholders. A dividend on Monroe stock can be declared by a. one member of the board. b. a majority vote of the board. c. a majority vote of the board and majority vote of the shareholders. d. a unanimous vote of the board and majority vote of the shareholders. 13. Visual PlayCompany makes DVD players. Visual Play is like most cor porations in that its officers are hired by the firm's a. board of directors. c. other officers. 14. Frosty Drinks Corporation distributes soft drinks in the Midwest. Frostys board of directors can delegate some of its functions to the firm's a. incorporators. b. officers. c. shareholders. 15. Coast-to-Coast Distribution, Inc. , is a direct-mail distribution company. Like most corporations, Coast-to-Coast's employees include its a. board of directors. 16. Fran is a director of Global Enterprises, Inc. To the corporation, Fran owes a duty of a. care only.

Is Science a Religion Essay

Is science a religion? This topic has been debated by many creationists and scientists alike. The philosophy of science makes no claims to knowledge about the supernatural or metaphysical and, by not so doing, is left with an enterprise that although hugely successful is also permanently on trial (Manne, 2010). The only thing scientists can agree upon is the empirical nature of science, but the steps from observations to theory are not without philosophical problems. DISCUSSION Thomas Kuhn thinks that scientific paradigms are essentially pictures of the world that are consistent with observations and logically coherent. But such pictures are necessarily always incomplete, at least until such time as we know everything, and our minds seem to struggle to accept this; it seems like there is an aesthetic compulsion to create harmonious images, even if that means filling in the spaces with metaphysical constructs. Andrew Brown states that the dictionary is wrong; science can be a religion too. He explains that if you strictly use the dictionary definition of science then it cannot be considered a religion, but if you look at science objectively you can see how it could be considered one. He makes a strong argument that religion has too many definitions for science to not be considered one. Richard Dawkins believes the opposite. He states that science is based upon verifiable evidence. Religious faith not only lacks evidence, its independence from evidence is its main virtue. Dawkins makes a good argument for science not being a religion. He even goes so far as to reconsider his stance only if science can get as much education time as religion does. Dawkins’ Atheist views are widely known but there are many more scientists that believe religion has no place in the world. Michael Ruse, on the other hand, asks why religion is not being taught in public schools while science is. His argument is that if â€Å"God exists† is a religious claim, why then is â€Å"God does not exist† not a religious claim? And if Creationism implies God exists and cannot therefore be taught, why then should science which implies God does not exist be taught? I am sure Dawkins was referring to Sunday school and bible study when he referred to science getting as much education time as science, but Ruse has a valid point. Science is taught in schools due to separation of church and state, therefore everyone has to learn science. Sunday school is voluntary. Peter Harrison demonstrated how the role of religion in the rise of modern science often focused on the way in which religion motivated particular individuals, or provided the essential content of approaches to nature. These relate to the origins of science and assume that, once established, modern science becomes self-justifying. However, seventeenth century criticisms of science, such as attacks on the Royal Society, suggest that science remained unimportant for quite some time. The rise of science to cultural importance in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was possible only because science was eventually able to establish itself as religiously useful initiative. Religion played a key role not only in the origins of modern science, but in providing the ongoing social sanctions that ensured its persistence and rise to prominence. This is a concept I am sure Dawkins would not appreciate, yet it has merit. The relationship between Science and Religion can be explained from two discrete points of view. Some would argue that scientific explanations are the only means of explaining our existence, while others would argue that religion and the story of creation provide a sufficient amount of the world’s conception. Religion and science both have the same basis, which are truth and understanding. It is this similarity that allows a direct link between science and religion. I believe that there is sufficient evidence to prove that science and religion are compatible. Albert Einstein had the same opinion when he presented the idea of the nature of light that was argued for hundreds of years. Scientology is also a proven example of compatibility between religion and science. Also, when looking at the two from a more general point of view, it would be obvious to say that they can both work together to give us a better understanding of the universe. In the early 1700’s, a constructive debate on the true nature of light led to various arguments and theories. The â€Å"corpuscular† theory, which was more religious based, depicted light being tiny particles that were transferred from a source like the Sun to a destination. A more scientific theory suggested that light was a wave phenomenon where the energy was carried by a wave motion and not by movement of actual particles. In the early 1900’s, Albert Einstein discovered that light was both a wave and it was composed of tiny particles. He felt that both sides were right all along and both contributed to finding out the true nature of light. With this discovery, he felt that there was a strong link between science and religion. â€Å"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind† (Einstein, A). Saying this, he believed strongly in the fact that religion and science were compatible. He believed that religion was a byproduct of fear and a tool to help the primitive human mind deal with it. He believed that many leaders and rulers incorporated religion into their daily functions to secure their rule. The question â€Å"is science a religion? † still remains. The problem may lie in how science and religion differentiate in their distinct methodologies of searching for knowledge and belief. Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method, it attempts to collect accurate information about the shared reality and to model it in a way that can be used to make reliable. They have concrete and quantitative predictions about events; everything has a hypothesis and has reasons to prove it. Science gains their knowledge through scientific method: testing hypotheses to develop theories through elucidation of facts or evaluation by experiments. It develops theories of the world which best fit the observed physical observed evidence. It can be categorized into two major types of sciences: human science and natural science and they rely mainly on empirical evidence. Religion is a set of beliefs and is related to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. Theologians believe in the omnipotent power that God has, they put faith on God and use religion as a tool to satisfy their unanswerable questions and desire to know. Some religious people maintain that religious knowledge is absolute and infallible. However, the knowledge each person believes in varies as religious knowledge varies from religion and each individual. Science tends to be more tangible while religion is more imperceptible according to senses. There is domestic danger in being a world religious leader and technological powerhouse. Religious commitment and leadership in science and technology greatly enlarges the potential for conflict between faith and science in the United States. The relationship between religion and views of science should be of interest not just to scientists and social scientists concerned with public opinion research, but to policy makers as well. Public opinion has significant impact upon the making of public policy. Commonly held perceptions about particular scientific findings could help determine the eventual shape of laws and other policies for issues such as abortion or climate change (Keeter, 2007). Tradition has taught mankind that religion and science are two competing theories that can never be intermixed. Science and religion put forth competing theories on how the world was created, who is responsible for such creation, and what happens to individuals when they die. Further, science proposes solutions for many of society’s problems that many religions clearly define as wrong, such as abortion, stem cell research, and cloning. Early scientists and philosophers integrated science and religion to explain the course and state of the cosmos. For instance, Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton all asserted that mathematical relations, the foundation of science, were a product of God. According to the four, it was God who invented mathematics and then imposed mathematical laws on the universe to back them up. More than 100 years ago, William James remarked, â€Å"I do not see why a critical science of religions might not eventually command as general a public adhesion as is commanded by a physical science†. In James view, studying religion by way of science could shed more light on the issue than philosophy alone. James believed that philosophy fell short in that it failed to â€Å"capture the depth, motion, and vitality of religion†. By focusing on religion from a scientific point of view, researchers could better determine the concreteness of the religious experience. So, is science a religion? The answer is – it depends on who you ask.  There is no concrete evidence to prove that it is or isn’t. I tend to believe that it could be. People like Richard Dawkins say emphatically no, yet he has blind faith that â€Å"what science cannot explain today, it will be able to explain tomorrow† (McGrath, pg. 148). Some have even gone so far as to compare Dawkins’ â€Å"infatuation† with Darwin with the Christian’s worship of Jesus Christ. I have not read anything that proves this but it could be another example of how science can be viewed as a religion. Either way, it seems that some level of faith is required for both and we can learn a lot from each one.

Essay on Use of a Portfolio to Assess Students in Math...

Use of a Portfolio to Assess Students in Math and Science For a young child, going off to school can be an intimidating experience. Thoughts of whether the other children will like them, if they will have enough money to buy an ice cream at lunch, or if they will have homework that night overwhelms their minds. However, a major part of schooling is testing, and many children freeze when they hear that word. Think about yourself in a testing situation then imagine what it is like for a young child to feel this defeating anxiety. That is why I am informing you, as fellow committee members, teachers, and learners alike, of these ideas for assessing children in math and science. I hope you will all take the time to think about†¦show more content†¦Solving a non routine math problem, tends to be complex, often yields multiple solutions, involves naunced judgment and interpretation, involves application of multiple criteria, often involves uncertainty, involves self-regulation of the thinking process, involves imposing meaning, and i s effortful (Bright Joyner, 1998, p. 7). The question that remains is how do we assess our children so they get the most out of their math and science lessons? When you hear the word test, or assessment, what do you often think of? I know I think of a 50 question multiple-choice test with a certain amount of time to finish it. Does that sound familiar? Unfortunately, I am afraid that is what most people envision when they hear the word test, even children. One way to assess our children in math and science is to keep testing the same way teachers have been for years. We, as teachers, can pass around a multiple choice test, give the children forty five minutes to complete the test, they can turn it into us, we will grade it, give it back, and the grade they get on their test is how we know what they know and what they dont. Fair? Well, if all you want to see is the students capability of giving the right answer then yes, this is a good way to test. It shows students know how to memorize the facts they have been taught and apply them when asked by the teacher (Romberg, 1992). IsntShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing For Students Knowledge Of Materials And General Intelligence1598 Words   |  7 Pagesideas about how to formally assess student achievement. By the early 1900’s, statewide testing programs were becoming very common. Since then, the U.S. has been using standardized testing to assess students’ knowledge of materials and general intelligence (Alcocer). Standardized tests do not accurately assess students’ knowledge or academic potential. 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Jones Middle School students are proficient/distinguished in reading and 26.3% are proficient/distinguished in math. As a middle school math and science teacher, I want to give my students tools that they can use to help them be successful in any subject area, in their current lives and in their futures. It is important thatRead MoreAlternative Assessment Methods1039 Words   |  4 Pagescreative writing projects, art projects, portfolios, and gro up projects are often thought to be more valid tools when grading nontraditional students (such as older students and ESL students). In some cases, they can be helpful. For example, a visually-oriented learner might get more excited making a poster promoting proper use of the oceans resources rather than writing a paper or taking a test. However, teachers must be careful to ensure that the material the student is required to learn is genuinelyRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Elementary Level Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesaffecting the desired student outcome. Such goals are derived by using a variety of methods to teach, and are reinforced via a variety of assessment tools that ascertain authentic student mastery of content. Thus, a cookie cutter approach to the education of our students is not an effective practice, as every student learns differently. However, within our current educational model, most teachers do not have the time, or resources to foster, and manage a truly individualized student learning programRead MoreThe Efficiency Of Standardized Testing1544 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual students or groups of students. Standardized testing is a trend that has grown significantly over the last decade. These tests were intended to assessing children’s knowledge on grade level material in comparison to other children across the United States; instead, they are adding pressure to elementary aged school children, causing stress and anxiety. Are these tests serving their purpose in evaluating children’s intelligence? Are they worth the toll they are placing on young students? WhileRead MoreClassification : Learning Disability / Adhd Primary Language1288 Words   |  6 PagesINDIVIDUAL EDUCATION PROGRAM (IEP) Student s Name: Doe, John ID Number: 123456789 School District: Bishop Garrigan High School Grade: 9 Classification: Learning Disability/ ADHD Primary Language: English Age: 15 Date of Birth: 1/02/20000 I. Signature of Participants in Attendance at IEP Meeting Parent _____________________ Special Ed. Teacher _________________________ Parent _____________________ Regular Ed. Teacher _________________________ Student _____________________ District

What You Dont Know About Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples

What You Don't Know About Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples Finding Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples on the Web Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Our writers always create unique content that's totally free from all grammatical error. The general format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions provided to you. Be sure to follow along with the correct format, consisting of the general sections of an essay. There aren't any parameters to follow. My duties included all facets of framing construction together with supervisory responsibilities. Both examples manage the very same theme (sick parent) but utilize various approaches. That means you should establish enough context for them to get started with. The Debate Over Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples Making a claim would begin the easy essay and a conclusion would indicate that that claim was proven. Your thesis statement should have the ability to effectively summarize the claim you are attempting to make. A crucial essay is intended to be informative, meaning that all claims ought to be backed up by a credible evidence instead of simply stated because it strikes the author's fancy. Writing a critical essay gives us the opportunity to examine things from a different standpoint. What You Don't Know About Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples Please also note that it's your obligation to liaise with your refer ee and make sure that they submit their letters before the deadline. Your future is dependent on it. Bear in mind, on the exterior of the envelope, list the name of the particular scholarship you're inquiring about. The Foolproof Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples Strategy Composing a suitable career goals essay can be difficult should you not actually have any ambitions. Writing an essay that explains what goals that you want to pursue in your upcoming career is a skill you are going to have to demonstrate a lot for a student. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. For instance, if you're asking for a general academic scholarship, you may want to speak about a particular class you took that really piqued your interest or inspired your present academic and career targets. Start brainstorming now, and you might discover yourself a winner! By accentuating your strengths by your writing, you will have the ability to effectively communicate that you're a deserving candidate for their award. After the time comes, you will be prepared to compose your way to scholarship success! The career theme is really self-explanatory. Rather than being given a prompt, you may be requested to compose an essay on this issue of your choice. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you want to contact. Then the very best approach is set a request I want to acquire essay papers written. The 16 themes below are made that you use as a reference until it is possible to spot them all on your own. The very first step to any essay writing is to choose a subject of interest. You're able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. You may be interested in high school essay examples. Students are made to compose critical essays on an assortment of topics. The Key to Successful Essay for Scholarship Consideration Samples The majority of the moment, writing that letter includes very little risk. Your future is extremely important. Retirement is additionally a true thing. Scholarship essays are a significant matter. Scholarship committees aren't only on the lookout for good students, they are often searching for an individual that suits their organizational objectives. Learn more concerning the Mobility Disability Scholarship. Learn more on the subject of the Build U. Scholarship. Regardless of what genre you would like Business Studies, Microeconomics, Business Management and Financial Accounting, we're here to serve your requirements. Writing is a present that comes naturally. Studying only can help improve your abilities.

Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities And Land Use Changes...

Impacts on the forests are increasing as a result of the fantastic growth of human populations and the global spread of pollutants leading to loss of biodiversity which is one of the most severe threats to sustainability. Land use changes have transformed land cover to farmlands, grazing lands, human settlements and urban centers at the expense of natural vegetation particularly in West Africa. These changes are associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss and land degradation. The relationships between land use and biodiversity are fundamental to understanding the links between people and their environment The aim of this work is to provide a holistic view of the impacts of anthropogenic activities and land use changes on biodiversity conservation by synthesizing works and facts across a range of different related research works. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth. It includes diversity at the genetic level, such as that between individuals in a population or between plant varieties, the diversity of species, and the diversity of ecosystems and habitats. (Assefa et al.,2007 ) Biodiversity provides the basis for ecosystems and the services they provide, upon which all people fundamentally depend. People rely on biodiversity in their daily lives, often without realizing it. Biodiversity has evolved over the last 3.8 billion years or so of the planet’s approximately 5 billion-year history. Although five major extinction events haveShow MoreRelatedThe Biodiversity Of Fiji And Coral Reefs967 Words   |  4 PagesTriangle, which is home to the most marine biodiversity on Earth. Fiji’s spectacular coral reefs are world-renowned for their vibrant colors. While many other coral reef sites globally have degraded, the reefs of Fiji seem to remain vibrant and diverse, making them a high priority for marine conservation in the Pacific Ocean.      Fiji is home to many wetland ecosystems on the mainland that flows into the coastal mangrove wetlands and coral reefs. The land and sea ecosystems relationship are dependentRead MoreThe Biodiversity Of Fiji And Coral Reefs993 Words   |  4 Pagesis home to the most marine biodiversity on Earth. In fact, Fiji’s world renowned, spectacular color, coral reefs entice the naked eye, while many other coral reef sites globally have degraded. The reefs of Fiji seem to remain vibrant and diverse, making them a high priority for marine conservation in the Pacific Ocean. Fiji is home to many wetland ecosystems on the mainland that flow into the coastal mangrove wetlands and coral reefs. The conservation efforts of the land and sea ecosystems relationshipRead MoreNatural Resource Depletion And The Sustainability Of Natural Resources1217 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation growth and environmental degradation is apparent in the increasing energy demands, air and water pollution and loss of biodiversity. Additionally important is the necessity to maintain sustainable food crops for growing populations. Meeting the needs of a growing population has enormous bearing on how and where this resource retrieval will affect biodiversity and the sustainability of natural resources. Increasing global human population will have interchanging effects on ecosystem services;Read MoreAnimal Production And Its Effect On The Climate Change979 Words   |  4 Pagesproduction needs to change in order to Prevent Climate Change According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) there is a scientific consensus that the earths climate id being affected by human activities. The IPCC s conclusion is that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. (McCarthy 2001, p.21) . â€Å"Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surfaceRead MoreFreshwater Is A Vital Necessity Of Life Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of freshwater activities is recognized, anthropogenic activities are on the increase and are depleting the water quality (Abramovitz, 1996; Mason (1996). The water quality of streams and rivers is influenced by anthropogenic activities that require large volumes of water such as industrial and agricultural activities (Kasiarovà ¡ and Feszterova, 2009). Agricultural activities and utilization of artificial nitrogen fertilisers are known to have sign ificant impacts on water quality (Sebin etRead MoreBiodiversity Is The Whole Collection Of Living Organisms1944 Words   |  8 Pagessignificant impact on the remaining species and the ecosystem, thereby affecting its biodiversity. Per Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, biodiversity is the whole collection of living organisms, consisting of different species of plants and animals, that cohabitate in an ecosystem. This term collectively describes approximately all 8.7 million unique species, including every class of bacteria, virus, plant, fungi, and animal, that coexist on earth. As such, biodiversity and the conservation of biodiversityRead MoreHuman Activities That Cause Habitat Loss1981 Words   |  8 PagesUrbanization Among the many human activities that cause habitat loss (Czech et al. 2000), urban development accounts for some of the greatest local extinction rates and frequently eliminates the large majority of native species (Vale and Vale 1976, Luniak 1994, Kowarik 1995,Marzluff 2001). Also, urbanization is often more continous than other types of habitat loss. Throughout much of New England, for example, ecological succession is restoring forest habitat lost from farming and logging, whereasRead MoreChanging Distribution Of The K ≈à ¥ Kako Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesFig.2: Change in distribution of the KÃ… kako (Moore and Innes, 1996) Benefits of KÃ… kako to New Zealand 80 million years of evolution in isolation from other land masses, has made New Zealand home to unique native plants and animals that contribute to a sense of belonging and national identity. KÃ… kako are one species of the 25% of all bird species that are found only in New Zealand (MfE, 2007). The country has recogised this value by featuring the KÃ… kako on the NZ$50 bill. New Zealand’s unique andRead MoreThe Importance Of Biodiversity1641 Words   |  7 PagesBiodiversity Loss I. Introduction Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms (Cho, 2011). Currently, an extreme loss of biodiversity is a problem that is being caused by human activities. A major report in 2005 stated that due to human actions, between 10% and 30% of mammal, bird, and amphibian species are threatened with extinction, since then, the problem has only increased (Shah, 2014). The topic of biodiversity is of interest and significant to me, and others, because it provides all humansRead MoreConsequences of Urban Sprawl701 Words   |  3 Pagesmodified environments that undergo significant structural changes (fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitat), increased disturbance (noise, light pollution, human activities) and amplified pollution (gases, fine particles, heavy metals. Thus, urban life imposes difficult and restrictive condition that can have detrimental effects on wildlife. Among all the major urban-associated factors, one has recently received a lot of attention: Anthropogenic noise. Expanding urbanization had led to a strong increase

Moral and Ethics Gender Inequality

Questions: 1. Explain why gender inequality is ethically problematic and why gender equality is ethically desirable.2.Describe and explain which aspect of gender inequality compared to the others is the most ethically or politically problematic. Answers: 1. The problem of gender inequality still very much in existence on international level despite global awareness and corrective measure being taken by so many countries towards this problem. There is very less percentage of countries in the world that have been able to take some concrete actions in this direction and eliminate this issue completely. Different measures based on this issue provide access to problems like basic level of education, better life as well as health expectancy, some amount of equality of providing economic level opportunities and empowerment (Waldfogel, 2013). In comparison, there has been progressing evidently, but many serious issues related to gender discrimination still exist in the present time. This is why it is becoming important to make it an international issue and also take some fundamental steps in the development of human as well as economic level progress. The concept of gender equality is important because it inequality leads to the restricted g rowth of individuals which is connected to the development of countries and the overall evolution of the communities to many disadvantaged men as well as women. It is a matter of urgency as it impacts the rights of an individual and growth level priorities. It is also important to understand that gender-based issues are not very similar to women's issues and it becomes even more crucial to be clear about the meaning of gender and equality which will lead to an understanding of various options, limitation and the influences of the transformation as they affect men and women equally. Also, it is a fact that the problem of increased population will never be-be resolved completely if problems at the individual level will be meet in appropriate manner (Blau, 2016). So when any women get empowered to take necessary decisions about her existence and the major consequences with so many eighty millions of unwanted pregnancies and increasing number of maternal deaths that can be avoided every year. The amount provides by many countries for some services based on reproduction in many developing countries is not enough, and it is becoming crucial to invest more and more in population-based growth. The problem is very important because of many reasons like the issues is widely disrupting the social as well as corporate based culture and also impacts many interpersonal associations, it further discourages women and also encourages many unethical activities among both genders. The main motive is to consider the issue from the viewpoint of utilitarianism and also give some importance to strengths and weaknesses of application act utilitarianism towards the issue (Blau, 2016). The perspective of the act is based on gender-based inequality is working in an immoral manner since it further leads to decrease in total amount utility in the world. This is why; the problem of gender inequality should be dealt in a sensitive manner and must be eliminated. 2. Following are some of the types of inequality among women existing all over the world: - Mortality based inequality: in some part of the world, the existence of inequality between men and women directly consist of different matters of life as well as death. It also takes some serious form of high mortality rates of females and dominance of men in the society as opposed to the prevalence of women found with low or sometimes absolutely no bias against women in healthcare as well as nutrition sector (Branisa et al., 2014). Natality based inequality: of this type, more preference is given to boys so much so that in prevalent male societies, gender inequality means parents are wanting a boy rather than a girl. This use to be a simple wish of many people but with advanced technology and growth in science leads to issues like fetus or abortions by sex has become a common trend in a number of countries. Countries like China and South Korea or Singapore, India are among some of the countries (Jayachandran, 2015). Facility based inequality: there are a number of ways in which fewer facilities are provided to women when in countries like Afghanistan doesn't want to educate the girls and keep them away from the schools. However, there are many other countries as well in continents like Asia, Latin America and Africa where girls are not provided equal opportunity for schooling than boys (Perrons et al., 2016). Special opportunity: in countries where it is not much different in basic standards which happen to include facilities like schooling, other services like higher education is far for many women. If observed closely there is clear biases in professional training and higher educations in some of the developed countries like Europe or North America. Ownership inequality: in a number of communities the ownership of property is also an issue and is very much unequal. In fact, the basic assets like homes and land are distributed asymmetrically. This kind of inequality exists in many parts of the world (Perrons et al., 2016). Professional inequality: employment and promotion in work and many other similar issues, women face inequality. In a developed country like Japan, this is much more elevated in so many matters like education, infrastructure but in matters like employment takes a back seat (Williams, 2013). Development and social awareness can be seen in many parts of the world, and there are so many evidence of the existence of gender disparity in many fields, and at least one aspect of it can be found in many countries which are natality based inequality. In countries like India where female to male ratio has improved considerably as a whole, there is a major decline in the female-male ratio for children. The female-male ratio under the age of six is falling significantly. In various states of India which are considered to be a wealthy state, the ration is decreasing sharply (Lutter, 2015). As per all the evidence that are in existence, it is evident the change showing not only the rise in female child mortality rate but there is a fall in female birth as well as make births, and it is also certainly associated with increasing presence and usage of gender determination practices as well. There is a fear of abortions by sex that is banned in some part of the world because of the same reason. However, the law has been neglected, and there are so many unethical practices, and there is no proper prosecution because of lack of support or proofs against the culprit. There are so many evidence where it 's hard to take a traditional route that changes the gender-based inequality with the help of using many public policies that impact female education. With this, the economic participation of female may not serve as the main path in order to remove natality inequality (Shrivastava et al., 2016). It's a fact that in many parts of East Asia has very high level of female education and participation at economic level but they are a major disparity in biological ratio across the world of less number of girls being born per hundred boys. The issue occurs in places like Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and China and of course India (Harrison et al., 2016). To have a proper recognition of many farfetched impacts on some disparities, which exist between women as well as men, it is important to identify the underlying fact that issue is not one case but many cases with changing reach on the livelihood of women and men or for that matter lives of girls and boys. Also, there is also the requirement of reexamination and also scrutinizing it carefully for some vital lessons that tend to draw from some empirical work in the past. There is no other valid reason to completely abandon the clarity that influences empowerment of women in raising the voice and impact of women does assist in reducing the issue of many kinds and can also decrease the indirect penalties which lead to suffering among both genders (Lazarev et al., 2015). But there is also a growing element of natality based inequality that raises many questions that are more complex by nature. There are regions where women only prefer boys over girls and remedy to solve the issue calls f or broader demand on agency associated with such issues, in addition to examination other possible impacts. While dealing with newer high tech generation which is always facing the matter in the form of natality inequality there is a requirement to way beyond the women based agency, however, to look at the matter with more assessment in a critical manner. The right of the human being has been transformed, and, specific mobility has been bought in the range of different kind inequalities that also includes many neoliberal based issues in globalization matters, and the influence of new types of culture and religion based fundamentalism is also crucial. Some women rights activist is struggling to bring some equality and address the issue across different culture without getting much misguided about the same (Lazarev et al., 2015). Reference Blau, F.D., (2016). Gender, inequality, and wages.OUP Catalogue. Branisa, B., Klasen, S., Ziegler, M., Drechsler, D. and Jtting, J., (2014). The institutional basis of gender inequality: The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI).Feminist economics,20(2), pp.29-64. Harrison, A., Smit, J., Exner, T., Hoffman, S. and Mantell, J., (2016). The Mpondombili Project: gender inequalities and young people sexual health in rural South Africa.Sexual Health Exchange, (3-4), p.4. Jayachandran, S., (2015). The roots of gender inequality in developing countries.economics,7(1), pp.63-88. Lazarev, N.P., Neustroeva, N.Y.V. and Nikolaeva, N.A.E., (2015). Optimal control of tilt angles in equilibrium problems for the Timoshenko plate with a oblique crack.Sibirskie lektronnye Matematicheskie Izvestiya [Siberian Electronic Mathematical Reports],12, pp.300-308. Lutter, M., (2015). Do women suffer from network closure? The moderating effect of social capital on gender inequality in a project-based labor market, 1929 to 2010.American Sociological Review,80(2), pp.329-358. Perrons, D., Lacey, N., Phillips, A., Wearing, S., Ashtiany, S., Biressi, A., Carter, C., Chakrabarti, S., Chinkin, C., Couldry, N. and Criado-Perez, C., (2016). Confronting gender inequality: findings from the LSE commission on gender, inequality and power. Shrivastava, D., Patil, V.S., Shrivastava, S. and Papalkar, J., (2016). Determinants of negative preference for female fetuses amongst women of reproductive age group at rural medical college.International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology,2(1), pp.67-73. Waldfogel, J., (2013)., Feminist Economics: Then and Now-Gender Inequality and Wages.LERA Resources Demonstration. Williams, C.L., (2013). The glass escalator, revisited gender inequality in neoliberal times.Gender Society, p.0891243213490232.

Robert Frosts Analysis On Road Not Taken Essays - Tone, Robert Frost

Robert Frost's Analysis On Road Not Taken One of Frost's commonest subjects is the choice the poet is faced with two roads, two ideas, two possibilities of action. ?The Road Not Taken? deals with the choice between two roads, and with the results of the choice which the poet makes. It raises the evident question of whether it is better to choose a road in which many travel, or to choose the road less traveled and explore it yourself. In ?The Road Not Taken,? the speakers' tone and setting help illustrate the struggle a person goes through in their lives to pick the right road to travel. It is possible to read this poem as a statement of some self-pity on the poet's part, a feeling, perhaps, that he has been cheated and misunderstood because he took an unpopular path. To support this tone, one might point to the last stanza: The speaker will some day, sighing, tell others that he took the unknown road when faced with a choice. The reading, however, misses much of the significance of the second and third stanzas. At the end of the second, the speaker states that there was really not much difference in the two roads; neither had really been worn by traffic, though one had been given more wear than the other. It becomes obvious that the speaker's tone begins to change. It becomes a little more confident, not much, but definitely less confused and scared than he was earlier. The first glimpse of this change in tone is in the eighth verse where he says, ?because is [the second road] was grassy and wanted wear.? It also shows that the speaker may not want to be like everybody else, a follower, but instead, chose a different road and be himself, a leader. This verse also says that the road wanted wear, like he was drawn to the path, not just out of his own desire to be different, but maybe out of some pity. That pity being that the road is traveled less not because it is not appealing, but that people are too afraid to be different. Verse 12 is interesting when the speaker says that, ?In leaves no step had trodden black,? which the reader could interpret meaning that few people who did choose to take the road less traveled did not come across any difficulties or obstacles. He then goes on to say that, ?Oh, I kept the first for another day,? as to say that it took him a long time to make his decision. Actually, it may have been months or even years before the speaker chose a road. He knew that the decision he made would determine the outcome of his life, and that he would have to be devoted to the road he chose. Once he made this decision, he would probably never be able to turn back. In the third stanza, he says that both roads lay in leaves that no one had trampled down. In other words, both roads were in about the same condition; it is what the man does with his choice that makes the difference. The tone of the last stanza, then, is simply matter-of-fact rather than self-pitying. One cannot know, when he makes a choice, what the results of his decision will be. Rather than being sorry that he took the untravelled road, the poet seems to be saying that he would probably do the same thing again. The speakers tone seemed to have changed with confidence. This confidence, shown in verse eighteen, when the speaker repeats the first verse, except he leaves out the word yellow. Purposely leaving out the word yellow is an example of imagery. In the first stanza, yellow meant the color of the trees and foliage, and in the third stanza, they are no longer yellow. Also in the third stanza he says, ?I shall be telling this with a sigh somewhere ages and ages hence.? This isn't stated in a negative way, just as a way to portray the fact that he chose the right road. The sigh was to show that the road had not been easy. The setting in ?The Road Not Taken,? is very important. In the first verse of the first stanza, Frost says, ?Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,? which is seemingly a very important part of the poem. This line is a metaphor in which Frost uses woods to represent life. Using this as